He ʻano hou opila no nā kaʻa uilahiki ke ola no ka lōʻihi i nā mahana wela a me ke anu loa, e like me kahi noiʻi hou.

Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema e ʻae nā pila i nā EV e holo mamao aku ma kahi hoʻopiʻi hoʻokahi i nā mahana anuanu - a ʻaʻole lākou e maʻalahi i ka wela nui ʻana i nā aniau wela.

ʻO kēia ka hopena i ka emi pinepine ʻana o ka hoʻouka ʻana no nā mea hoʻokele EV a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i kanā pilahe ola lōʻihi.

Ua hana ke kime noiʻi ʻAmelika i kahi mea hou i ʻoi aku ka paʻa o nā kemika i nā mahana koʻikoʻi a ua hoʻohui ʻia i nā pila lithium ikehu kiʻekiʻe.

"Pono ʻoe i ka hana wela kiʻekiʻe ma nā wahi kahi e hiki ai i ka mahana ambient ke piʻi i nā huahelu ʻekolu a ʻoi aku ka wela o nā alanui," wahi a ka mea kākau kiʻekiʻe ʻo Polofesa Zheng Chen o ke Kulanui o Kaleponi-San Diego.

"I loko o nā kaʻa uila, aia nā pahu pila ma lalo o ka papahele, kokoke i kēia mau alanui wela. Eia kekahi, hoʻomehana nā pila mai ka loaʻa ʻana o ke au i ka wā e hana ana."

"Inā ʻaʻole hiki i nā pila ke ʻae i kēia hoʻomehana ʻana i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe, e emi koke kā lākou hana."

Ma kahi pepa i paʻi ʻia i ka Pōʻakahi ma ka puke pai Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, ua wehewehe nā mea noiʻi pehea i nā hoʻokolohua, ua mālama nā pila i 87.5 pakeneka a me 115.9 pakeneka o ko lākou ikehu ma –40 Celsius (–104 Fahrenheit) a me 50 Celsius (122 Fahrenheit) pakahi.

Loaʻa iā lākou ka pono Coulombic kiʻekiʻe o 98.2 pakeneka a me 98.7 pakeneka pakahi, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki i nā pila ke hele i nā pōʻaiapuni hoʻouka hou aʻe ma mua o ko lākou oki ʻana i ka hana.

ʻO kēia ma muli o kahi electrolyte i hana ʻia me ka paʻakai lithium a me dibutyl ether, kahi wai kala ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi mau hana e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā pesticides.

Kōkua ʻo Dibutyl ether no ka mea ʻaʻole e pāʻani maʻalahi kāna mau molekala me nā ion lithium i ka holo ʻana o ka pila a hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna hana i nā mahana ma lalo o ka zero.

Eia kekahi, hiki i ka dibutyl ether ke kū i ka wela ma kona wela e paila ana he 141 Celsius (285.8 Fahrenheit) ʻo ia hoʻi ke noho wai ia i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka mea e hoʻolilo ai i kēia electrolyte i mea kūikawā, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me kahi pākahi lithium-sulfur, hiki ke hoʻouka hou ʻia a he anode i hana ʻia me ka lithium a me kahi cathode i hana ʻia me ka sulfur.

ʻO nā anodes a me nā cathodes nā ʻāpana o ka pila kahi e hele ai ke au uila.

ʻO nā pila Lithium-sulfur kahi hana koʻikoʻi hou i nā pila EV no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke mālama i ka ikehu ʻelua manawa ʻoi aku ka nui ma ke kilokani ma mua o nā pila lithium-ion o kēia manawa.

Hiki i kēia ke pāpālua i ka laulā o nā EV me ka ʻole o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaumaha opākahikoe hoʻopaʻa me ka mālama ʻana i nā kumukūʻai.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka sulfur a emi mai ka ʻeha o ke kaiapuni a me ke kanaka ma mua o ka cobalt, ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia i nā cathodes pākahiko lithium-ion kuʻuna.

ʻO ka maʻamau, aia kahi pilikia me nā pila lithium-sulfur - ua pane nui nā cathodes sulfur a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wā e holo ana ka pila a ʻoi aku ka ʻino o kēia ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.

A hiki i nā anodes metala lithium ke hana i nā ʻano like me ka nila i kapa ʻia ʻo dendrites hiki ke hou i nā ʻāpana o ka pākaukau ma muli o ka pōkole.

ʻO ka hopena, ʻo kēia mau pila e mau wale nō a hiki i nā ʻumi o nā pōʻaiapuni.

ʻO ka electrolyte dibutyl ether i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka hui UC-San Diego e hoʻoponopono i kēia mau pilikia, ʻoiai ma nā mahana wela loa.

ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā pila a lākou i hoʻāʻo ai ma mua o ka pākahi lithium-sulfur maʻamau.

"Inā makemake ʻoe i kahi pākahi me ka nui o ka ikehu, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka kemika paʻakikī a paʻakikī," wahi a Chen.

"ʻO ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe ke ʻano o ka nui o nā hopena e hana ʻia nei, ʻo ia hoʻi ka emi ʻana o ke kūpaʻa, ka nui o ka hōʻino ʻana."

"He hana paʻakikī ka hana ʻana i kahi pākahiko ikehu kiʻekiʻe e paʻa ana - ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hana i kēia ma o kahi ākea ākea."

"Kōkua kā mākou electrolyte i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao cathode a me ka ʻaoʻao anode ʻoiai e hāʻawi ana i ka conductivity kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻa interfacial."

Ua hana pū ka hui i ka cathode sulfur e ʻoi aku ka paʻa ma o ke kāpili ʻana iā ia i kahi polymer. Pale kēia i ka nui o ka sulfur mai ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i loko o ka electrolyte.

ʻO nā hana aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kemika o ka pila i mea e hana ai i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe aʻe a e hoʻolōʻihi hou aku i ke ola o ke kaʻapuni.