He ʻano hou opākaukau no nā kaʻa uilahiki ke ola lōʻihi i nā wela wela a me ke anuanu, e like me kahi noiʻi hou.

Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe ʻepekema e hiki i nā ʻenekini ke hele lōʻihi aku me ka hoʻokahi pānaʻi i nā mahana anuanu - a ʻaʻole lākou e maʻalahi i ka wela loa i nā piʻi wela.

ʻO kēia ka hopena i ka liʻiliʻi pinepine ʻana i nā mea hoʻokele EV a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i kanā pilahe ola loihi.

Ua hana ka hui noiʻi ʻAmelika i kahi mea hou i ʻoi aku ke kūpaʻa kemika i nā wela wela a hoʻohui ʻia i nā pā lithium ikaika.

"Pono ʻoe i ka hana wela kiʻekiʻe ma nā wahi kahi e hiki ai i ka wela ambient ke hiki i nā huahelu ʻekolu a ʻoi aku ka wela o nā alanui," wahi a ka mea kākau kiʻekiʻe ʻo Professor Zheng Chen o ke Kulanui o Kaleponi-San Diego.

"Ma nā kaʻa uila, aia nā pahu pākahi ma lalo o ka papahele, kokoke i kēia mau alanui wela.Eia kekahi, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā pila ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka holo i kēia manawa i ka wā e hana ai.

"Inā ʻaʻole hiki i nā pila ke ʻae i kēia pumehana i ka wela kiʻekiʻe, e emi koke kā lākou hana."

I loko o kahi pepa i paʻi ʻia i ka Pōʻakahi ma ka nūpepa Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, wehewehe nā mea noiʻi pehea i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, mālama nā pākaukau i ka 87.5 pakeneka a me ka 115.9 pakeneka o ko lākou mana ikehu ma -40 Celsius (–104 Fahrenheit) a me 50 Celsius (122 Fahrenheit. ) pakahi.

Loaʻa iā lākou ka maikaʻi Coulombic kiʻekiʻe o 98.2 pākēneka a me 98.7 pākēneka i kēlā me kēia, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki i nā pila ke hele i loko o nā pōʻai hou aku ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ka hana.

Ma muli o kahi electrolyte i hana ʻia me ka paʻakai lithium a me ka dibutyl ether, kahi wai kala ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi mau hana e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā pesticides.

Kōkua ʻo Dibutyl ether no ka mea ʻaʻole pāʻani pōlele kāna mau mole me nā ion lithium i ka holo ʻana o ka pākaukau a hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna hana i nā mahana sub-zero.

Eia hou, hiki i ka dibutyl ether ke kū maʻalahi i ka wela ma kona wahi e hoʻolapalapa ai o 141 Celsius (285.8 Fahrenheit) ʻo ia ka mea e noho wai ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka mea e hana ai kēia electrolyte i mea kūikawā e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me ka pā lithium-sulfur, hiki ke hoʻouka hou ʻia a loaʻa kahi anode i hana ʻia i ka lithium a me ka cathode i hana ʻia i ka sulfur.

ʻO nā ʻanodes a me nā cathodes nā ʻāpana o ka pākaukau e hele ai ke au uila.

ʻO nā ʻōhua lithium-sulfur kahi hana nui e hiki mai ana i nā pā EV no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke mālama i ʻelua mau manawa ʻoi aku ka ikehu ma ka kilo ma mua o nā pākahi lithium-ion o kēia manawa.

Hiki i kēia ke pāpālua i ka laulā o nā EV me ka hoʻonui ʻole i ke kaumaha o kapākaukaue hoʻopaʻa i ka mālama ʻana i nā kumukūʻai.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka Sulfur a hoʻemi ʻia ka pilikia o ke kaiapuni a me ke kanaka i ke kumu ma mua o ka cobalt, i hoʻohana ʻia i nā cathodes pākahi lithium-ion kuʻuna.

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, aia kekahi pilikia me nā pākahi lithium-sulfur - ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā cathodes sulfur e hoʻoheheʻe lākou i ka wā e holo ana ka pā a ʻoi aku ka ʻino i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.

A hiki i nā anodes metala lithium ke hana i nā hale e like me ka nila i kapa ʻia he dendrites e hiki ke hou i nā ʻāpana o ka pākaukau no ka mea he pōkole.

ʻO ka hopena, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kēia mau pākahi a hiki i ʻumi mau pōʻai.

ʻO ka dibutyl ether electrolyte i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka hui UC-San Diego e hoʻoponopono i kēia mau pilikia, ʻoiai ma nā wela wela.

ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā pākiki a lākou i hoʻāʻo ai ma mua o kahi pākahi lithium-sulfur maʻamau.

"Inā makemake ʻoe i kahi pākaukau me ka nui o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka kemika paʻakikī loa," wahi a Chen.

"ʻO ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe ke ʻano o nā hopena hou aʻe, ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi o ka paʻa, ʻoi aku ka degradation.

"He hana paʻakikī ka hana ʻana i kahi pākaukau ikaika nui - ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hana i kēia ma o kahi ākea ākea.

"Ke kōkua nei kā mākou electrolyte i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao cathode a me ka ʻaoʻao anode i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka conductivity kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa interfacial."

Ua ʻenekinia pū ka hui i ka sulfur cathode i ʻoi aku ka paʻa ma ke kāpili ʻana iā ia i kahi polymer.Mālama kēia i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka sulfur i loko o ka electrolyte.

ʻO nā ʻanuʻu aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka kemika pākaukau i mea e hana ai i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe aʻe a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola pōʻai.