Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻona lithium ion i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hoʻohana i nā mea uila he nui i ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā, mai nā kamepiula a me nā kelepona i nā kaʻa uila.ʻO nā pākahi lithium ion ma ka mākeke i kēia lā e hilinaʻi maʻamau i kahi hopena wai, i kapa ʻia he electrolyte, ma ke kikowaena o ke kelepona.

Ke hoʻoikaika nei ka pākaukau i kahi mea hana, neʻe nā ion lithium mai ka hopena i hoʻopiʻi ʻole ʻia, a i ʻole anode, ma o ka electrolyte wai, a i ka hopena hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi, a i ʻole cathode.Ke hoʻouka hou ʻia ka pākaukau, kahe nā ion i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe mai ka cathode, ma o ka electrolyte, i ka anode.

He pilikia ko'iko'i ka palekana o nā pākaona Lithium ion e hilina'i ana i ka wai electrolytes: hiki ke hopu i ke ahi ke ho'onui 'ia a i 'ole ke kaapuni pokole.ʻO kahi koho palekana i nā electrolytes wai ʻo ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pākaukau e hoʻohana ana i kahi electrolyte paʻa e lawe i nā ion lithium ma waena o ka anode a me ka cathode.

Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia nā haʻawina mua i alakaʻi ʻia kahi electrolyte paʻa i nā ulu metala liʻiliʻi, i kapa ʻia ʻo dendrites, e kūkulu ʻia ma luna o ka anode i ka wā e hoʻopiʻi ana ka pā.Hoʻopili pōkole kēia mau dendrites i nā pila i nā au haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia.

Hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o Dendrite ma nā hemahema liʻiliʻi o ka electrolyte ma ka palena ma waena o ka electrolyte a me ka anode.Ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema ma India i kahi ala e hoʻolōʻihi i ka ulu ʻana o ka dendrite.Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi ʻāpana metala lahilahi ma waena o ka electrolyte a me ka anode, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻōki i nā dendrites mai ka ulu ʻana i ka anode.

Ua koho nā kānaka ʻepekema e aʻo i ka alumini a me ka tungsten e like me nā metala hiki ke kūkulu i kēia ʻāpana metala lahilahi.ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole i hui pū ʻia ka alumini a me ka tungsten, a i ʻole ka alloy, me ka lithium.Ua manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema e hoʻohaʻahaʻa kēia i ka hiki ke hana ʻia nā hemahema i ka lithium.Inā hoʻohui ʻia ka metala i koho ʻia me ka lithium, hiki i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka lithium ke neʻe i loko o ka papa metala i ka manawa.E waiho ana kēia i kahi ʻano kīnā i kapa ʻia he ʻole i loko o ka lithium kahi e hana ai kahi dendrite.

I mea e ho'āʻo ai i ka pono o ka ʻāpana metala, ua ʻākoakoa ʻia nā ʻano ʻekolu: ʻo kekahi me kahi ʻāpana lahilahi o ka alumini ma waena o ka lithium anode a me ka electrolyte paʻa, ʻo kekahi me kahi ʻāpana lahilahi o ka tungsten, a ʻo kekahi me kahi ʻāpana metala ʻole.

Ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā pila, ua hoʻohana nā ʻepekema i kahi microscope mana kiʻekiʻe, i kapa ʻia he microscope electron scanning, e nānā pono i ka palena ma waena o ka anode a me ka electrolyte.Ua ʻike lākou i nā āwaha liʻiliʻi a me nā lua i loko o ka laʻana me ka ʻole o ka pae metala, me ka ʻike ʻana he mau wahi kēia mau hemahema e ulu ai nā dendrites.ʻO nā pākahi ʻelua me nā ʻāpana alumini a me nā ʻāpana tungsten i nānā maʻalahi a hoʻomau.

I ka hoʻokolohua mua, ua hoʻokele ʻia ke au uila ma kēlā me kēia pākaukau no 24 mau hola.ʻO ka pākaukau me ka papa metala ʻole i kaapuni pōkole a hāʻule i loko o nā hola 9 mua, ma muli paha o ka ulu ʻana o ka dendrite.ʻAʻole i hāʻule ka pākaukau me ka alumini a me ka tungsten i kēia hoʻokolohua mua.

I mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka papa metala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka dendrite, ua hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe ma luna o nā ʻāpana alumini a me ka tungsten layer wale nō.I loko o kēia hoʻokolohua, ua kaʻa kaʻa ʻia nā pila ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā density o kēia manawa, e hoʻomaka ana i ka manawa i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻokolohua mua a hoʻonui ʻia e ka liʻiliʻi i kēlā me kēia pae.

ʻO ka mānoanoa o kēia manawa kahi i hoʻopili pōkole ʻia ai ka pākaukau i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka nui o kēia manawa no ka ulu ʻana o ka dendrite.Ua hāʻule ka pākaukau me kahi papa alumini i ʻekolu manawa o ka manawa hoʻomaka, a ʻo ka pākaukau me kahi papa tungsten i hāʻule ma mua o ʻelima mau manawa o ka manawa hoʻomaka.Hōʻike kēia hoʻokolohua ua ʻoi aku ka tungsten i ka alumini.

Eia hou, ua hoʻohana nā ʻepekema i kahi microscope electron scanning e nānā i ka palena ma waena o ka anode a me ka electrolyte.Ua ʻike lākou ua hoʻomaka ka puka ʻana o nā hakahaka i loko o ka papa metala ma ʻelua hapakolu o nā ʻano nui o kēia manawa i ana ʻia i ka hoʻokolohua mua.Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā voids ma kahi hapakolu o ka nui o kēia manawa koʻikoʻi.Ua hōʻoia kēia i ka ulu ʻana o ka dendrite.

A laila holo nā ʻepekema i nā helu helu e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka pilina o ka lithium me kēia mau metala, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea a mākou e ʻike ai e pili ana i ka pane ʻana o ka tungsten a me ka alumini i ka ikehu a me nā loli wela.Ua hōʻike lākou he ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā papa alumini no ka ulu ʻana o nā lua i ka wā e launa pū ai me ka lithium.Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau helu ʻana e maʻalahi ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻano metala ʻē aʻe e hoʻāʻo ai i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia haʻawina e ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi o nā pākahi electrolyte paʻa ke hoʻohui ʻia kahi ʻāpana metala lahilahi ma waena o ka electrolyte a me ka anode.Ua hōʻike pū ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻo ke koho ʻana i kekahi metala ma luna o kekahi, i kēia hihia ʻo tungsten ma mua o ka alumini, hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i nā pākaukau.ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o kēia mau ʻano pākaukau e lawe mai iā lākou i kahi ʻanuʻu kokoke i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻenekini wai electrolyte hiki ke hoʻā ʻia ma ka mākeke i kēia lā.